Review of Diabetes Mellitus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Assess the Short Term Significance of the Suez War of 1956

Survey the momentary noteworthiness of the Suez War of 1956 The Suez War had significant transient hugeness in numerous perspectives. It tends to be contended to be one of the main wars in the Arab-Israeli clash which included significant outside contribution. In spite of the fact that Britain and France were embarrassed and lost their impact in the Middle East, it featured the rising significance of Cold War legislative issues in the Middle East. Egypt and Israel can be considered as victors of the Suez War; Egypt oversaw the Suez Canal and Israel approached the Straits of Tiran.However, the two nations were to stay unfriendly and the heritage of the Suez War will be strife, not harmony. Most importantly, the Suez War in 1956 assumed a critical job in Nasser’s Egypt. There were numerous increases for Egypt from the Suez War. American Historian, William Polk states ‘in western eyes, the Suez War made Nasser a hero’ and ‘claimed a political triumph inside a m ilitary defeat’, this remark unmistakably surmises to the fruitless endeavor of Britain and France to ‘destroy’ Nasser which made him turned into an image of against pilgrim movement.This proclamation is fortified by the expressions of Nasser, where he composed that the Suez War ‘regained the abundance of the Egyptian people’ and ‘it was clear for the Egyptian individuals that they could shield their nation and secure its independence’, while this remark is somewhat precise, as Egypt managed to deal with the Suez Canal and acquired an enormous amount of British military stores, the source here is obviously one-sided in light of the fact that Nasser had purposely neglected to depict Egypt’s losses from the war. He had done this to advance his situation as the Egyptian head, however a pioneer which all the Arab countries turned upward to.Despite their prosperity, Egypt had endured the most elevated loss with absolute passing up to 1 600, while Israel, Britain and France’s demise were well beneath a hundred. Furthermore, Egypt had neglected to control the Gaza Strip and Photograph A shows regardless of control of the Suez Canal, Egypt couldn't utilize the waterway effectively to subsidize the nation; for example, by gathering cost expenses. The Suez War fundamentally harmed Egypt’s relations with America. In light of America’s wiping out of a guaranteed award of 46 million dollars towards building the Aswan dam, American guide was supplanted by Russian aid.However, one should consistently be careful that Nasser didn't need Egypt to be attached to the Soviet Union as he needed Egypt to be nonpartisan. On the other hand, in American eyes, Egypt turned out to be a piece of the Cold War; as any nation which was not part of Western collusion and which purchased arms from Eastern Europe was similarly as terrible as the USSR. The Suez War 1956 was of incredible criticalness for Israel. We can stren gthen Avi Shlaim’s translation on the Sinai crusade to help examine the effect on Israel. In spite of an Israeli, Avi Shlaim gives an unbiased point on the effects on Israel.The birthplace of the Sinai crusade was at first arranged by Ben Gurion and its pioneers, for example, Moshe Dayan. It’s 3 ‘Operational Objectives’ were to crush the Egyptian Army, to open up Straits of Tiran to Israeli transportation and to stop Fedayeen assaults across Israel’s southern fringe. Moshe Dayan, in his journals, the Story of My Life, was sure that the three principle destinations were accomplished before the finish of the Suez War. The Israeli armed force won a reasonable military triumph which demonstrated the Israeli Defense Forces the most grounded in the Middle East; this was additionally fortified by Moshe Dayan as ‘Nasser took in the regard the intensity of Israel’s armed force. In spite of the fact that Shlaim’s see that harm to Egypt was ‘slight and rapidly repaired’ because of opportune withdrawal from Sinai, Historian Normal Lowe contends that the incurred substantial misfortunes on Egypt in men and hardware would take ‘years to make good’. Besides, Israel figured out how to access the Straits of Tiran, permitting them to exchange with Asia and Africa. The conclusion to Fedayeen assaults demonstrated gigantic achievement, the Sinai Peninsula turned out to be adequately disarmed protected by UN troops which would permit Israel to appreciate eleven years of security and steadiness along the fringe with Egypt.As well as the Three ‘Operational Objectives’ from the Sinai Campaign, it comprised of three political points; to topple Nasser, grow Israeli outskirts and foundation of another political request in the Middle East. In contrast to the triumphs from their operational goals, they neglected to accomplish the political points. In the principal political point, Israel followed through on an overwhelming political cost for ganging up with Britain and France against the emanant powers of Arab patriotism. In the second political point including Israel’s outskirts, Israel had to eject all the domain it had conquered.The third point be that as it may, composed by Shlaim will in general repudiate Moshe Dayan’s see that the ‘victory in Sinai implied that Israel rose as an express that would be invited as a companion and partner. ’ While this may not be aimed at Arab countries, it might have been suggested as far as relations with outside forces. In spite of the fact that Ben Gurion neglected to topple Nasser and accomplish his political points, the Suez War had permitted Gurion to compel Sharett’s acquiescence which at first gave him the alternative of propelling a war against Egypt. In addition, Shlaim fights that Israel and Ben Gurion took in two significant exercises from its involvement with the Suez War.Firstly, Israel must depend on atomic discouragement to ensure its outskirts instead of growing it. Besides, Israel was to rely upon the US in future dynamic and must arrangement and straightforwardly talk with the US before taking part in future wars; this is clear in the Suez War, where Israel was forced by US denying help and ejection of the United Nations to pull back from Sinai. The effect of Suez War prompted an elevated tide of Arab Nationalism in the Middle East. At the point when Nasser recaptured control of the Suez Canal he annihilated the sculpture of De Le Sepp's; an away from of Egypt’s hatred for western imperialism.Arabs decreased oil supplies to Western Europe demonstrating they have become increasingly against western. Syria and Saudi Arabia additionally severed relations with Britain and France. In 1957, a ‘Treaty of Arab Solidarity’ was marked by Egypt, Syria, Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Regardless of the doubt staying between the Arab expresses, this bargain featur ed the Arab countries all had a unified mean to topple Israel and bolster the Palestinians. This is bolstered by Ian J. Bickerton and Carla L. Klausner as they talk about how Suez war ‘only developed the Arab want for revenge’.Furthermore, William Cobban contends that the inheritance of the Suez Crisis will be ‘war not peace’, and that Nasser would mobilize the Arab countries to a full scale war against the Israelis. This perspective on Arab Nation’s nonstop avenging demeanor towards Israel is strengthened by Andrew Goldsmith, as he contends that the consequence of the Suez War looked like a ‘hiccup instead of a genuine defining moment throughout the entire existence of Egypt and Israel’s inside politics’. It was one of numerous contentions in which Arab nations and Israel have neglected to illuminate any current tensions.Another momentary noteworthiness of the Suez War was that it incredibly harmed driving European pioneer contro ls especially Britain. Keith Kyle contends that Suez affirmed to the world that Britain was ‘no longer a superpower’, as Britain’s inability to topple Nasser and secure the Suez Canal had cost them world debasement. With an away from of Britain’s end of dominion, it prompted a further decrease of British and French impact far and wide, for example, in Africa and South-East Asia. The Suez War energized revolts in Algeria, where the Algerians picked up their freedom from France in 1962.Britain’s disappointment had cost them to lose remote partners; the Israelis currently looking towards the USA as their primary supporter. Britain’s diminishing impact in the Middle East is additionally bolstered by Normal Lowe, where Britain’s partner in Iraq, chief Nuri-es Said went under expanding assault from different Arabs for his professional British disposition. Britain’s harm from the Suez War at that point prompted budgetary difficulty whe re its global save was genuinely exhausted. On account of the blockage of channel and the disturbance of pipeline brought about by the Suez War, gas apportioning was presented in Britain.This implied Britain had no real option except to turn out to be progressively respectful and less hesitant to contradict any US strategy for its monetary help . While Mordechai Bar-On, the Bureau Chief-General of Moshe Dayan states looking back that from the perspective on Britain and France, the Suez war was a significant slip-up. From Israel’s perspective, it was ‘perhaps lucky’ that they committed the error, since it was to this mix-up, Israel ‘became increasingly prepared for the following round in 1967. ’ France then again headed out in its own direction, contradicted to Britain’s choice to favor the US.Led by de Gaulle, it left NATO and went to driving Europe close by a recently prosperous Germany. The Suez War profoundly affected the Cold War. Presiden t Eisenhower clarified that because of Suez, ‘The Middle East, which had consistently been desired by Russia, today be prized like never before by universal communism’, this result was maybe made by President Eisenhower himself as Timothy Naftali, creator of Khrushchev’s Cold War clarifies that Nikita Khrushchev had the option to pull off â€Å"nuclear bluff†, indicating shortcoming of the US that the Soviet Union exploited.As Egypt turns towards the Soviet Union for help, Eisenhower was to turn out to be much progressively decided in containing socialism. He set up the Eisenhower Doctrine whi

Ladies Bringing The LOLs

Ladies Bringing The LOLs When I am convicted of murder, know it will be because someone made an offhand comment about women not being funny in my presence. (Note it’s always the really boring guys who say this, the ones that wouldn’t know a joke if crawled into their butthole and started playing mariachi tunes.) Women are freakin’ hilarious, we have to be if we’re going to face down the madness of this world and make it through. The following books have been a funny friend to me when I needed them I have real friends, obviously, but they’re not always available at 3am, while I’m in the bath or safely secured in my airplane seat pocket. Some of these names you’ll know, the rest you need to know. The books are great, the audiobook versions are often even better if you’re aurally inclined, and none of them will let you down on a bad day. The Girl With The Lower Back Tattoo by Amy Schumer I’m halfway through this but damn, Amy has let us into her heart, and her vagina. Yes, it’s got the filthy jokes and cockiness (nudge nudge) of her stand up but she also speaks with an honesty about her family, dating life and celebrity status that can sometimes be skipped over in lesser memoirs. Bossypants by Tina Fey The obvious one, but it’s just so good that if I’d made this list without it on I’d have been haunted by the ghost of Liz Lemon for the rest of my days. Anxiety, butt expectations, working life, motherhood, it’s like getting stuck in a lift with Fey but in a really good way. “Dont waste your energy trying to change opinions Do your thing, and dont care if they like it.” See? Wise. So wise and funny I want to build a house in The Sims and put just me and Fey in it. Is Everyone Hanging Out Without Me? (And Other Concerns) by Mindy Kaling I could have also called this list “people I want to be friends with” and it would totally would have worked. Just not in an SEO sense. Kaling just has a swagger about her that absolutely translate into her sentences. This book is the equivalent of the person you meet in the kitchen right at the start of the party, and end up following around all night just to hear a few more anecdotes about revenge, looking up the Donner Party on the internet and N Sync. Yes Please by Amy Poehler This should really come in a box set with Fey’s Bossypants, the two are such close friends that the parts about their relationships overlap in the best way. You know those bits in Parks And Rec where Leslie Knope would give kindly advice to someone and it would be warm and funny all at once? This whole book is like that. “Treat your career like a bad boyfriend,” and “fighting aging is like the war on drugs” are just a couple that have stayed with me. The Actual One: Or How to Avoid Settling Down For as Long as Possible by Isy Sutie America may not be aware of the wonder that is Isy Sutie, star of Peep Show and singing stand-up, but she is worth looking up. This book is a sometimes painful, always wry looked at the drive to pair up and find your soulmate complete with a tragic tale of a papier-mâché penguin and a terrible occurrence of simultaneous gastric distress. Animal: The Autobiography of a Female Body by Sara Pascoe When Sara Pascoe was offered the chance to write a book she skipped over the memoir stuff and actually wrote an amazing bunch of essays about the female body, sex, and relationships. It made me laugh and taught me stuff, my PMS is better because of a fact about hormones and livers and drinking! Much as I love the rest of the ladies on this list, none of them have directly influenced my menstruation. A Beginners Guide to Acting English by Shappi Korsandi Another British stand-up, another amazing memoir. Just your usual hilarious childhood anecdotes about being forced to flee Iran and in actual danger from the Ayatollah. You know, the usual stuff. Incredible events aside, Korsandi could have been writing about growing up in Milwaukee and it would it still come with her cut your fingers to ribbons wit.

My Interaction with Muslims - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2237 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Culture Essay Level High school Tags: Ethnographic Essay Did you like this example? The contemporary world is composed of individuals from different cultures. Each culture is characterized by its unique set of beliefs, behaviors, language, diets, association, dressing, language, occupation, geographical location, among others. Though different cultures have different ways of doing things, the beliefs and norms of one culture should not affect those of another, as this may not only stimulate the violation of human rights, but also contribute to the discrimination and tribal conflicts. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "My Interaction with Muslims" essay for you Create order In the present times, the world has become highly globalized especially due to the numerous technological developments that have occurred, and this means that association of interaction of individuals from different cultures cannot be avoided. Apparently, for effective association, most governments, both the developing and the developing ones are advocating and educating individuals concerning the importance of individuals respecting and appreciating other people`s cultures. When one interacts with individuals who comes from different cultures, he or she does not only manage to respect and appreciate those cultures, but also gain deeper insights concerning various tenets belonging to those cultures. In the 30 days series, episode three entails the perception and experience of Dave Stacy who, for 30 days lived as a Muslim. Personally, I have also interacted with Muslims for a whole day and I have learnt a lot concerning this religion. In this paper, I will describe my experience with the Muslims, relate this experience with this episode, and link it to what I have learnt about intercultural communication. I have been born in a Christian family and this means that I hold Christian beliefs, norms, and practices. In addition, most of my friends in school and in the neighborhood are Christians as well. Apparently, when I joined college, I happened to meet Muhammed Abdi, whose origin is Saudi Arabia. We found our self in the same group discussion and through class-oriented interactions we slowly became friends. Our friendship has grown stronger and Abdi has been requesting me to visit their home a couple of times but I have never managed to do so until yesterday. I reached at their house some minutes to noon, and when I knocked the door, Abdi showed in and requested me to put off my shoes and leave them at the door. His parents and three other siblings (two brothers and one sister) were present. Abdi, his father, and his two younger brothers had worn a white lobe while his mother and his sister had worn a black lobe and their head was covered with a veil. Soon after arriving, Abdi asked me to join the other family members at the dinning room. In this room, there was a dinning table with a number of chairs all round on one side, and a carpet on the other side. When lunch was brought, each the family member knelt on the carpet and pray facing in the sky and raising both hands. After praying they used to bend forward in such a way that the head touches the ground. Since I am not used to the custom, I didnt kneel to pray like they were doing, but I prayed the way I am used to (praying for the lunch). After taking lunch, I was inquisitive concerning the Muslim practices and it is at this point I asked Abdi to explain for me some of those practices, starting with the lunch time payers which I have just participated. He explained to me five types of prayers that they conduct in a day, the time that each prayer is made, and what each means. This orientation and my observation made me to start participating in prayers just like the way Abdi and the other family members were doing. I participated in Muslim prayers before I started my journey home. My experience with the Islamic culture At first, I was reluctant to visit Abdi`s homestead just because he is a Muslim and I am a Christian. I have never been in an environment where all individuals around me are Muslims. Though Abdi had I had gone to the extent of being close friends, I still held a negative perception about his religion, especially due to the fact that I have grown knowing that Muslims are dangerous and should be avoided as a plague. I have heard numerous cases where Muslims are involved in bombing and terrorist attacks in various parts of the world, including the September 11 terrorist attack that claimed the lives of numerous innocent Americans (Katherine 56). Precisely, in the United States, most Christians hold the perception that all Muslims are loyal to their religion and country to the extent that they are always willing to die for the same of their religion and country. Actually, most Americans believe that in the Koran, there is a teaching that stipulates that when a Muslim volunteer to die in the line of protecting the Muslim religion, he or she is treated as a martyr and directly goes to heaven. According to most Christians in the U.S., this believe is the one that motivates most Muslims to accept to carry explosives on his or her body and detonates it at the midst of Christians, who are perceived to be the major enemy to the Muslim religion. My initial perception concerning Muslims perfectly relates to that of Dave Stacy, who also perceived Muslims as terrorists. When Dave was asked by Morgan Spurlock concerning his perception about Muslims, he stated that he only pictures a woman with a sheet and men with an AK-47 (Morgan n.p). Additionally, Morgan also noticed that majority of Americans also has a negative perception towards Muslim. For example, when he asked people what they associate with the word Muslim majority responded that they associat e Muslim with terrorists. However, after observing and interacting with Abdi and the other members of his family, I learnt that Majority of Muslims are God fearing, prayerful, peaceful, law abiding, and most importantly, individuals who respect other religions including Christianity. To be precise, Muslims read Koran and pray more times in a day compared to the manner in which Christians read the Bible and pray in a day. Actually, through the one-day interaction and observation of the Muslim culture, I noted that Muslims pray five times in a day, and each prayer has its meaning. Abdi informed me that the five prayers are Fajr (which is performed before sunrise its aim is to thank God for the new day); Dhuhr (which is performed after one has started the day`s work and its purpose is to remember God and to seek his guidance; Asr (performed in the later afternoon and its purpose is to remember God); Maghrib (performed after the sun goes down and its purpose is to remember and thank God for the day); and Isha (which is performed before retiring to bed and its purpose is to seek God`s guidance, presence, mercy, and forgiveness (John n.p). Among these prayers, the one that I found challenging is the Fajr, especially due to the fact that it is performed exactly at 5:00 AM, and Muslims are awakened to pray by a loud bell that is always rang in the mosque. The most interesting thing is that one can woke up, pray, and then go back to bed if he or she does not have a tight schedule in that day. Since I spent the night in that house, I personally didn`t woke up but I clearly heard Abdi and the other family members praying. Initially, I used to see Muslim believers kneeling and praying but I never knew there are stipulated number of times that they are ought to pray in a day. This also corresponds to the episode three of the 30 Day series, especially where Shamael informs Dave that Islam is made up of five pillars which are not limited to charity, faith in one God, pilgrimage to Mecca, fasting and prayer five times a day (Morgan n.p). In addition, Imam Al Husain (the prayer leader in the local mosque that Dave attended) infor med Dave that Christianity, Muslim and Judaism all worship one and the same God since all of them are major divisions of religion that came from the same family tree. The difference arises on the mode of worshipping God. Moreover, I also learnt that it is unfair to generalize all Muslims as terrorists since majority of them are good and peace-loving individuals, and those who are terrorists are a threat not only to Christians, but also to most Muslims as well. I learnt this from the sentiments of Abdi`s father, who claimed that most Americans associate Muslims with terrorism because of the guilt by association. Just because most terrorist attacks are propagated by Muslims does not mean that all Muslims are terrorists. According to Abdi`s father, most Americans forget that Muslim terrorists also terrorizes their fellow Muslims in Saudi Arabia other Arabic nations. This statement concurs with Ameena`s contribution (one of Shamael`s friends) that terrorists are bad characters, rather t han bad Muslims (Morgan n.p). They are equivalent to a criminal (of a Christian background) who rapes, kills, abuses, and terrorize an integrated or diverse community. I strongly believe that the issue of associating Muslims with terrorism was enhanced by both the 9/11 attack and the behavior of leaders politicizing the issue (Katherine 56). For example, one of the campaign agenda of President Donald Trump was to deport all Muslims to their countries of origin since he maintained that the latter are terrorists, and they are the major factor for the increase of terrorism attacks in the U.S (The New York Times n.p). Though it is the mandate of every government to provide security to its citizens, it is unfair to discriminate, lay false accusations, and generalize all Muslims as terrorists. Consecutively, through the 24-hour interaction with the Muslim culture, I have contemplated that Muslim women puts on hajib or veil as a way of adhering and appreciating the Islamic traditions. Init ially, I used to believe that Muslim women are forced to put on hajib by their patriarchal society and male chauvinism. This is why even the educated and civilized Muslim women living in the United States continue putting on hajib even when they are numerous miles away from their ancestral origins. This also concurs with the explanation that Sadia (Shamael`s wife) gave to Dave (Morgan n.p). Subsequently, I learnt that there are some diets and drinks that Muslims do not take. For example, through our discussions about the Muslim religion, Abdi`s father revealed that Muslims do not take alcohol, pork, and any other meat that has not been blessed during the preparation. For example, if the family intends to take beef, the lamb has to be blessed during the slaughtering processes in order for the meat to be beneficial to their body. This relates to what one of the friends at the Shamael`s house demonstrated to Dave concerning how to bless meat during the slaughtering process. Precisely, the friend informed Dave that the anything that a Muslim intends to slaughter for food must face east, since east is the direction to the holy land of Muslims (Morgan n.p). They dont take pork due to the fact that pork was cursed by God, and this is in reference to one instance in the Koran where the latter healed a man who had been possessed with demons and authorized them to go to the pigs. In addition, Abdi`s father informed me that he cannot take beer since it is likely to lure him to commit sins. Linking the experience with the intercultural communication The ultimate way of intercultural communication is gaining knowledge about the practices and beliefs of the other culture, applying the gained knowledge, and understanding the difference between cultures (Ingrid 28-37). Soon after being welcomed by Abdi, I started learning or gaining knowledge concerning the beliefs, traditions and norms of Muslims through both observation and interaction with Abdi, His parents and his siblings. I learnt various types of prayers, their meaning, and the time that they are performed. I also learnt some teachings of the Koran, the traditional Islamic diets, the meaning of their dressing codes, ways of blessing the meat especially during the slaughtering process, among others. Similarly, Abdi, his parents and younger siblings also gained some knowledge about Christianity from me espec ially concerning the beliefs, ways of praying, and various norms concerning Christianity. After gaining knowledge concerning the beliefs, norms and traditions of Muslims, I slowing started applying or adapting to the learnt knowledge by participating in some of the Muslim practices. For example, soon after being welcomed, I never knew how to pray in Muslim and this is why I just observed them praying. Precisely, I could not have managed to join the family in praying since I never knew how to go about it. However, after being oriented and after observing how they used to do while praying I managed to join them during their Asr payers few minutes before I left to our home. I knelt down like them, looked up in the sky, raised both arms and started praying. Lastly, I managed to clearly understand the difference between the Islamic culture and Christianity in terms of the beliefs, norms, and traditions of each. For example, I learnt that pork is an acceptable meal to Christians but it is not taken by Muslims.

Public Health And Health Assessment - 1108 Words

The issue of public health is one of great importance because it affects every person on this planet in some form. In this essay I will explore the various aspects of public health; including the advantages of public health assessments and how public health assessments can be used to for public health policies. I will also discuss the health concern regarding the use and legalization of marijuana and the implications of how it may impact the community. Public health is the science of protecting and improving the health of families and communities through promotion of healthy lifestyles, research for disease and injury prevention and detection and control of infectious diseases (CDC Foundation, 2015). Those who invest maintaining and improving public health ultimately improve the quality of life for individuals by ensuring their health and safety. Public health differs from personal health in the sense that personal health is more focused on the decisions and choices that an individual makes about their own personal health and well-being. In order to analyze and identify the needs for that particular community, public health assessments are performed. Public health assessments are beneficial because they explore what is health issues need to be addressed and prevented. There are many different types of assessments that are used to analyze and identify public health needs. The assessments are classified in five groups: social, epidemiological, behavioral/environmental,Show MoreRelatedPublic Health Assessment Essay1090 Words   |  5 Pagesto define public health and compare it to personal health, also a discussion of benefits and disadvantages of public health. The following questions will also be answered: What are the benefits of public health assessments? What are the disadvantages, if any? 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In the public administration field, there is not only a priority for the public first but also anRead MoreHealth Impact Assessment : The Health Of A Population And The Distribution Of Those Effects1342 Words   |  6 Pagesplan, program, or project on the health of a population and the distribution of those effects within the population. HIA provides recommendations on monitoring and managing those effects (Health Impact Assessment, 2015)† Healthcare providers counsel their patients on ways to keep in good physical health. Similarly, Health Impact Assessments (HIA) offers the same guidance to communities. This information helps societies make educated choices about refining public health by means of community planning

The Pacific Legend-Maui Free Essays

Introduction The gods played an important part in the daily lives of Polynesian in early pacific islands. Perhaps the most deeply loved of Polynesian god is Maui. Although the legend of demi-god Maui is always be descript as the mischief maker or trickster god, but the Maui story probably has a larger number of unique and ancient myths than that of any other legendary character in the mythology of any nation. We will write a custom essay sample on The Pacific Legend-Maui or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"There are three centers for these Maui legends, New Zealand in the south, Hawaii in the north, and the Tahitian group including the Hervey Islands in the east. (â€Å"LEGENDS OF MAUI† 2007) Following are versions of summary â€Å"THE GIANT EEL† told on the island of Maui, Hawaii. Summary of â€Å"The Giant eel† (from the book of â€Å"Maui Mischievous Hero† 1969) As Maui had grown to manhood, his mother went for a lengthy stay on the island of Hawaii. Maui began making the long trip to see his grandmother in Haleakala. Besides, there are always had good things to eat! Plenty of bananas, breadfruit, coconuts, poi, and fish of all kinds. Grandma said â€Å"what are grandmothers for, if not to look out for grandchildren who come to see them? † One day a cloud hung suspended in the air like a misty pillar. Like an omen that frightened him. Grandmother said â€Å"It’s a cry for help, be quick, Maui! That is the Ao-‘opua, the Warning Cloud. Your mother is in danger! † He grabbed the magic axe ran so fast that he couldn’t stop, he reached the ocean and jumped into his canoe, paddle across the channel to save his mother. At last, he arrived his mother’s cave. He saw his mother’s enemy, the giant eel Kuna Loa. Kuna Loa had once asked Maui’s mother to marry him, and when she refused he was so angry that he swore he would get even with her. Maui throw the hot lava rocks into the river tried to scare the giant eel Kuna Loa away. When he made his way back to the cave, he expressed the missing affection to his mother, and hope his mother can come back with him. However as grandmother said â€Å"Maui’s mother is a roving soul† As the result Maui’s mother refused to go back with Maui. Back on Maui own island, he heard a faint wailing sound that uttering a chant of fear, Maui’s mother is in trouble again. As swiftly as before, he journeyed to Hawaii Island again. This time Maui wasted no time he used the magical axe struck again and again, the giant eel was cut thousand pieces. It is said that these bits where they became the eels that are found in it today. Come, Mother† Maui held her still and asked again,† when are you coming home, where I can take proper care of you? † â€Å"Some day, â€Å"she said lightly. â€Å"some day I’ll come. † Conclusion â€Å"There are many Maui legends appear with variations throughout of the Pacific islands. The detail s of the stories also vary with different cultures but the underlying morals and role model remains much the same† (Dean Web1). In the legend of â€Å"The Giant Eel† its shows the Maui’s mixture of human and godlike qualities. The affection between his mother and his grandmother, reflected the family relationship in nowadays tribal society. The parents are the â€Å"roving soul† trying to find a good job and leaving the hometown, and the grandparents are the next kin to taking care of their young children without doubt. As well the channel as the barrier that become generation gap in the family. At last, the giant eel symbolized temptations of modern society which are danger but cannot be avoided. However, every time an omen or sound of chant comes, Maui will be a hero to save his mother but every time his mother also refused to come back and offered an unachievable promise that seems to comfort Maui. Therefore, in the end of story as godlike as Maui only can be desperately watching his mother as she went back toward her cave and helpless. Legends of Maui have been told and retold for so many centuries, and I believed the legends will reminiscence and encourage in very ways for the later generation. Also help us understand people who lived long ago. References: 1. W. D. Westervelt (2009) â€Å"Legends of Maui†, a Demi-God of Polynesia. Preface. 2. 9-11 2. Lyons, Barbara. (1969) â€Å"Maui :mischievous hero†. The Giant EEL. 25. summary. 3. Dean, n. d. Web. â€Å"Legends of Maui. † Review. Web log post. Legends of Maui. . How to cite The Pacific Legend-Maui, Essay examples

Montesquieu Essays - Political Philosophy, Politics, Government

Montesquieu In this essay I will be discussing Montesquieu, Dewey, Wright, and Lippmann. These authors have been writing about todays government for many years. These governments have many things in common as well as different. Montesquieu says that virtue is the most important principle of democracy in American government. That all members of society must put the public good ahead of their own interests. The English have been unable to establish a democracy this century because those who were involved in public affairs had some virtue. Their ambition was exited by the success of the bold and daring. The spirit of one faction is repressed by the spirit of another. When virtue ceases, ambition enters those hearts that can admit it, and greed enters them all. One was free under the laws, and now wants to be free against them. The laws are not what are best of the public. Each citizen is like an escaped slave. Instead of the people fighting tyranny, the people are fighting each other. The principle of aristocracy is moderation. The rich and upper class govern aristocracy, and it is ruled by the best people based on their interests and represses those of the people. Moderation in virtue has to lye within the aristocracy. Keeping the interests of aristocracy in mind rather than personal interests. Now such a body can repress itself in two ways. Either by great virtue, which makes noble equal to the people, which would form a great republic. Or by lesser virtue, a moderation that leaves the nobles equal amongst themselves, which brings about their preservation. The moderation founded on virtue is the heart and soul of this government. In monarchies the government uses as little virtue as possible to accomplish things. The laws replace all these virtue in a monarchy. One man is the supreme ruler over all. Honor replaces virtue in a monarch. Honor joined with the forces of laws eventually leads to the goal of government. People put their reputation first n trying to get distinction for themselves. In a monarchy most people are good citizens, but it is hard to find good citizens. For in order to be a good citizen, one must have the intention of being one. Love the state less for oneself than for itself. ?ask not what your country can do for you but what you can do for your country.? Ambition is fatal to the leader of a republic, but has good effect in a monarchy. Honor is not the principle of despotic states, these must be fear in a despotic government. Fear must destroy courage and ambition in order to stop any chances of a revolution. When fear fails to exist, the people no longer have a protector. Montesquieu shows how education will be different in each kind of government. In monarchies education is not found institutions. It is found in everyday life were people can be taught from experience. Education starts at birth and nothing in the republic government to stop it. Minority has no options if the majority is a faction. Stop a majority from forming and you stop majority factions from carrying out their ?evil? schemes. Madison feels this makes republics unstable and dangerous. A pure democracy can only work in a small society. Democracy will not work in trying to govern a large area or a large population because a common passion or interests will be felt by the majority. In democracy there is nothing to stop majority from taking advantage of the minority. Politicians claim that if there were perfect quality in their political rights, they would also have the same possessions, opinions, and passions. This is not true, for we need something to protect us. Madison feels that a republic is the ideal cure for faction. You must first get rid of this by refining and enlarging the public views. It is ideal to have the best representatives possible to make the decision for society. In a big district voting is good because it will keep out one view. It will concentrate on everyone's views and give these elected officials a more broad view from hearing everyone's ideas. That wisdom will enable him to give a better decision than

Five Things You Dont Know About Africa

Five Things You Don't Know About Africa 1. Africa is not a country Okay. You do know this, but people frequently refer to Africa as though it were a country. Sometimes, people will actually say, â€Å"Countries like India and Africa†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , but more often they simply refer to Africa as though the entire continent faced similar problems or had similar cultures or histories. There are, however, 54 sovereign states in Africa plus the disputed territory of Western Sahara. 2. Africa is not all poor, rural, or overpopulated Africa is an incredibly diverse continent politically, socially, and economically. To get an idea of how people’s lives and opportunities differ across Africa, consider that in 2013: Life expectancy ranged from 45 (Sierra Leone) to 75 (Libya Tunisia)Children per family ranged from 1.4 (Mauritius) to 7.6 (Niger)Population density (people per square mile) ranged from 3 (Namibia) to 639 (Mauritius)GDP per capita in current US dollars ranged from 226 (Malawi) to 11,965 (Libya)Cell phones per 1000 people ranged from 35 (Eritrea) to 1359 (Seychelles) (All above data from the World Bank) 3. There were empires and kingdoms in Africa long before the modern era The most famous ancient kingdom, of course, is Egypt, which existed in one form or another, from roughly 3,150 to 332 B.C.E. Carthage is also well known due to its wars with Rome, but there were numerous other ancient kingdoms and empires, including Kush-Meroe in present-day Sudan and Axum in Ethiopia, each of which lasted for over 1,000 years. Two of the more famous states of what is sometimes referred to as the medieval era in African history are the Kingdoms of Mali (c.1230-1600) and Great Zimbabwe (c. 1200-1450). These were both rich states involved in intercontinental trade. Archeological digs at Zimbabwe have revealed coins and commodities from as far away as China, and these are but a few examples of the wealthy and powerful states that flourished in Africa before European colonization. 4.  With the exception of Ethiopia, every African country has English, French, Portuguese, or Arabic as one of their official languages Arabic has long been spoken widely in northern and western Africa. Then, between 1885 and 1914, Europe colonized all of Africa with the exception of Ethiopia and Liberia. One consequence of this colonization was that after independence, the former colonies kept the language of their colonizer as one of their official languages, even if it was a second language for many citizens.The Republic of Liberia was not technically colonized, but it had been founded by African-American settlers in 1847 and so already had English as its official language.This left the Kingdom of Ethiopia as the only African kingdom not to be colonized, though it was briefly conquered by Italy in the lead-up to World War II. Its official language is Amharic, but many students study English as a foreign language in school. 5. There are currently two female Presidents in Africa Another common misconception is that women are oppressed across Africa. There are cultures and countries where women do not have equal rights or receive respect equal to that of men, but there are other states where women are legally equal to men and have broken the glass ceiling of politics – a feat the United States of America has yet to match. In Liberia, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf has served as president since 2006, and in the Central African Republic, Catherine Samba-Panza was selected the Acting President leading into the 2015 elections. Previous female heads of state include, Joyce Banda (President, Malawi), Sylvie Kinigi (Acting President, Burundi), and Rose Francine Ragombà © (Acting President, Gabon).

How to Write the Date in a Document

How to Write the Date in a Document How to Write the Date in a Document In an era of calendar apps, we don’t have to write the date down often. But this does mean that it’s easy to forget the rules for writing dates in different places. It’s lucky, then, that we’re here to help! Writing the Date in Full In formal writing, always write the date in full when it is part of a sentence. This will usually involve giving the day of the month, the month, and the year: The meeting will take place on April 21, 2019. Note that the year follows after a comma. You can, however, use a few different formats. This can include omitting the year or adding the day of the week. In addition, you can use ordinal instead of cardinal numbers when writing the date out in full with the day before the month: Thursday, October 3 Tuesday, August 6, 2019 The 21st of April, 2019 The letters that follow the numbers above are a little old fashioned, but they are not incorrect. You may also see these numbers formatted as superscript. Whichever date format you use, however, make sure to apply it consistently for all dates in your document. Abbreviating the Date In less formal writing, or when the date is not part of the main text in a document, you can abbreviate the month to save space. For instance, â€Å"August 20, 2019† could be abbreviated to â€Å"Aug. 20, 2019.† The same can be done with days (e.g., â€Å"Tuesday† becomes â€Å"Tue.†). Typically, the first three letters are used as the abbreviation for any day or month. However, some style guides (e.g., MLA) recommend only doing this for months with more than five letters. Writing the Date as Numerals You can also write the date as numerals instead of words. The format to use here is month/day/year. There are, however, a number of ways to do this. Variations include: Whether to put a â€Å"0† before single-digit months and days Whether to write the year in full or just the last two digits How to punctuate the date For example, we could write March 4, 2019 in any of the following ways: 03/04/2019 03.04.19 3-4-2019 The best format is a matter of preference, as long as you use it consistently. However, you should also keep clarity in mind. For instance, if referring to something that could have happened in either 1902 or 2002, you should always give the year in full to prevent confusion! International Date Formats Finally, we should give a few thoughts to the rest of the world. After all, the month/day/year format used in the US is not really used anywhere else (except for the Federated States of Micronesia and the Marshall Islands). For some reason, the Marshall Islands tourism board focuses more on the beaches than the date format. Around the rest of the world, the most common format is day/month/year. A few places also use a year/month/day format (e.g., China), but this is very rare in English. This variation is especially important to remember with numeric dates, as it can be easy to get confused unless you know the format. For instance, â€Å"4/10/2019† would refer to April 10 in the US, but it would refer to October 4 in Britain or France. So make sure to check the date format being used when dealing with other countries, otherwise you might be very early or very late for appointments in Europe!

Written Business Communication (Assignment #4C) Assignment

Written Business Communication ( #4C) - Assignment Example I would like to kindly remind you on the yearly warranty that you issued when you installed the gates since I suppose that will help you track the information on the same. For more clarity, I have attached the company’s proposal invoice to attest that the installation of the iron gates is still within the warranty and so still valid. All day shift employees are required to park in lots A and Lots B in the assigned spaces. On the other hand, the daytime employees are reminded not to park in the curbs lots, but eventually they may loan spaces to other distinguished employees that is if the parking spaces are not in use. To receive the a white sticker, please stop by the relations, employee at the cafeteria October 1st and it will be from 11:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. and also 3:00 to 5:00 to take their applications and also be issued with the white parking stickers. The swing shift employees may also park at the curb before evening at 3:00. Furthermore, after 3:00 p.m. all the swing shift employees are allowed to park in any empty parking space, even those for the Tandem, Handicapped or event management. For everyone’s convenience, we are all encouraged to register ourselves with the employee relation. This way there will be no inconvenience caused to any employee as far as parking space is concerned. Please stop at the cafeteria and get your white sticker at the most convenient time. All the tickets will be issued to all the cars that will not be having the sticker. By doing all that is needed there will be smooth parking activities and time also will be saved for more productive issues rather than things that are less

Policy Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Policy Change - Essay Example To attack this disease in the coming decades will require a government policy that elevates the importance of cancer research, adequately funds the program, and makes funding available to the most promising research. Cancer research has been typically funded by organizations such as the National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Foundation for Cancer Research (NFCR) or university medical centers. The NCI is the principle governmental agency that is responsible for the nations cancer research policies. It has seen its budget reduced in 2006 and 2007 when it received $4.75 billion dollars from the US Congress ("Cancer Research Funding"). The agency is charged with determining which types of cancer are researched and where to give their scarce resources. The research needs to be split among the important aspects of prevention, treatment, and cure. Dividing up the funding is often impacted by political and social pressures. Advocates for breast cancer research fought for years to get adequate funding in the face of national gender bias. If a cancer only afflicts a certain race or ethnicity, it may require extreme lobbying to get the attention it deserves. Social pressures often place the responsibili ty for prevention and the contracting of the disease on the individual, such as when lung cancer is caused by smoking (Clarke and Everest 2598). Researchers often compete for private donations based on these social pressures or political expediency. An important aspect of a national policy would be to force politicians to consider science, while removing doctors from the role of politician (Hoff and Bretthaur). To accomplish this all cancer research should be brought under the umbrella of a central organization. To make this policy change would require the overwhelming support of the public. To get this accomplished it would need to be elevated to the level of a national debate. The current presidential candidates could introduce

Nursing School Admission Essay -- College Admissions Essays

Nursing School Admission Essay    My interest in nursing began at age 18 at Bridgeport Hospital in Connecticut where I was trained as a Certified Care Partner, then as a Phlebotomist, followed by a two year surgical floor assignment and a one year burn unit stint. When I moved to New Hampshire, I worked full time at Plymouth State College and took night courses towards a BSN for one and a half years. I postponed my education for eight years while I was a wife and mother. After divorcing, I returned to P.S.C. to continue taking courses leading towards a BSN to help support my children and myself in a career that allows me to contribute to my community. Currently, I am attending Claremont School of Nursing full time, working towards completing an Associate RN Degree. I chose nursing as a career because I found the work challenging, exciting and rewarding. I feel my skills and attributes are well suited for nursing. My ability to sta... ...reas, I hope to find employment at one of the nearby ski resorts. Others options I am considering include working as a member of the D.A.R.T. Trauma Team in Hanover, or as a part of the trauma teams at one of the two local hospitals. I am totally committed to working in the field of trauma nursing. I believe this is where my talents are best suited, as well as the area of nursing in which I can reach my full potential, and make the greatest service contribution.

International Monetary System

International monetary systems are sets of internationally agreed rules, conventions and supporting institutions that facilitate international trade, cross border investment and generally the reallocation of capital between nation states. They provide means of payment acceptable between buyers and sellers of different nationality, including deferred payment. To operate successfully, they need to inspire confidence, to provide sufficient liquidity for fluctuating levels of trade and to provide means by which global imbalances can be corrected. The systems can grow organically as the collective result of numerous individual agreements between international economic actors spread over several decades. Alternatively, they can arise from a single architectural vision as happened at Bretton Woods in 1944. Historical overview Throughout history, precious metals such as gold and silver have been used for trade, termed bullion, and since early history the coins of various issuers – generally kingdoms and empires – have been traded. The earliest known records of pre – coinage use of bullion for monetary exchange are from Mesopotamia and Egypt, dating from the third millennium BC. 1] Its believed that at this time money played a relatively minor role in the ordering of economic life for these regions, compared to barter and centralised redistribution – a process where the population surrendered their produce to ruling authorities who then redistrubted it as they saw fit. Coinage is believed to have first developed in China in the late 7th century, and independently at around the same time in Lydia, Asia minor, from where its use spread to near by Greek cities and later to the rest of the world. 1] Sometimes formal monetary systems have been imposed by regional rules. For example scholars have tentatively suggested that the ruler Servius Tullius created a primitive monetary system in the archaic period of what was to become the Roman Republic. Tullius reigned in the sixth century BC – several centuries before Rome is believed to have developed a formal coinage system. [2] As with bullion, early use of coinage is believed to have been generally the preserve of the elite. But by about the 4th century they were widely used in Greek cities. Coins were generally supported by the city state authorities, who endeavoured to ensure they retained their values regardless of fluctuations in the availability of whatever base precious metals they were made from. [1] From Greece the use of coins spread slowly westwards throughout Europe, and eastwards to India. Coins were in use in India from about 400BC, initially they played a greater role in religion than trade, but by the 2nd century had become central to commercial transactions. Monetary systems developed in India were so successful they continued to spread through parts of Asia well into the Middle Ages. [1] As multiple coins became common within a region, they have been exchanged by moneychangers, which are the predecessors of today's foreign exchange market. These are famously discussed in the Biblical story of Jesus and the money changers. In Venice and the Italian city states of the early Middle Ages, money changes would often have to struggle to perform calculations involving six or more currencies. This partly let to Fibonacci writing his Liber Abaci where he popularised the use of Arabic numerals which displaced the more difficult roman numerals then in use by western merchants. [3] Historic international currencies. From top left: crystalline gold, a 5th century BCE Persian daric, an 8th century English mancus, and an 18th century Spanish real. When a given nation or empire has achieved regional hegemony, its currency has been a basis for international trade, and hence for a de facto monetary system. In the West – Europe and the Middle East – an early such coin was the Persian daric, of the Persian empire. This was succeeded by Roman currency of the Roman empire, such as the denarius, then the Gold Dinar of the Muslim empire, and later – from the 16th to 20th centuries, during the Age of Imperialism – by the currency of European colonial powers: the Spanish dollar, the Dutch Gilder, the French Franc and the British Pound Sterling; at times one currency has been pre-eminent, at times no one dominated. With the growth of American power, the US Dollar became the basis for the international monetary system, formalized in the Bretton Woods agreement that established the post-World War II monetary order, with fixed exchange rates of currencies to the dollar, and convertibility of the dollar into gold. Since the breakdown of the Bretton Woods system, culminating in the Nixon shock of 1971, ending convertibility, the US dollar has remained the de facto basis of the world monetary system, though no longer de jure, with various European currencies and the Japanese Yen being used. Since the formation of the Euro, the Euro has gained use as a reserve currency and a unit of transactions, though the dollar has remained the primary currency. A dominant currency may be used directly or indirectly by other nations – for example, English kings minted gold mancus, presumably to function as dinars to exchange with Islamic Spain, and more recently, a number of nations have used the US dollar as their local currency, a custom called dollarization. Until the 19th century, the global monetary system was loosely linked at best, with Europe, the Americas, India and China (among others) having largely separate economies, and hence monetary systems were regional. European colonization of the Americas, starting with the Spanish empire, led to the integration of American and European economies and monetary systems, and European colonization of Asia led to the dominance of European currencies, notably the British pound sterling in the 19th century, succeeded by the US dollar in the 20th century. Some, such as Michael Hudson, foresee the decline of a single basis for the global monetary system, and instead the emergence of regional trade blocs, citing the emergence of the Euro as an example of this phenomenon. See also Global financial systems , world-systems approach and polarity in international relations. It was in the later half of the 19th century that a monetary system with close to universal global participation emerged, based on the gold standard. History of modern global monetary orders The pre WWI financial order: 1870–1914  From the 1870s to the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the world benefited from a well integrated financial order, sometimes known as the First age of Globalisation. [4] [5] Money unions were operating which effectively allowed members to accept each others currency as legal tender including the Latin Monetary Union (Belgium, Italy, Switzerland, France) and Scandinavian monetary union (Denmark, Norway and Sweden). In the absence of shared membership of a union, transactions were facilitated by widespread participation in the gold standard, by both independent nations and their colonies. Great Britain was at the time the world's pre-eminent financial, imperial, and industrial power, ruling more of the world and exporting more capital as a percentage of her national income than any other creditor nation has since. [6] While capital controls comparable to the Bretton Woods System were not in place, damaging capital flows were far less common than they were to be in the post 1971 era. In fact Great Britain's capital exports helped to correct global imbalances as they tended to be counter cyclical, rising when Britain's economy went into recession, thus compensating other states for income lost from export of goods. Accordingly, this era saw mostly steady growth and a relatively low level of financial crises. In contrast to the Bretton Woods system, the pre-World War I financial order was not created at a single high level conference; rather it evolved organically in a series of discrete steps. The Gilded Age, a time of especially rapid development in North America, falls into this period. Between the World Wars: 1919–1939 The years between the world wars have been described as a period of de-globalisation, as both international trade and capital flows shrank compared to the period before World War I. During World War I countries had abandoned the gold standard and, except for the United States, returned to it only briefly. By the early 30's the prevailing order was essentially a fragmented system of floating exchange rates . [8] In this era, the experience of Great Britain and others was that the gold standard ran counter to the need to retain domestic policy autonomy. To protect their reserves of gold countries would sometimes need to raise interest rates and generally follow a deflationary policy. The greatest need for this could arise in a downturn, just when leaders would have preferred to lower rates to encourage growth. Economist Nicholas Davenport [9] had even argued that the wish to return Britain to the gold standard, â€Å"sprang from a sadistic desire by the Bankers to inflict pain on the British working class. † By the end of World War I, Great Britain was heavily indebted to the United States, allowing the USA to largely displace her as the worlds number one financial power. The United States however was reluctant to assume Great Britain's leadership role, partly due to isolationist influences and a focus on domestic concerns. In contrast to Great Britain in the previous era, capital exports from the US were not counter cyclical. They expanded rapidly with the United States's economic growth in the twenties up to 1928, but then almost completely halted as the US economy began slowing in that year. As the Great Depression intensified in 1930, financial institutions were hit hard along with trade; in 1930 alone 1345 US banks collapsed. During the 1930s the United States raised trade barriers, refused to act as an international lender of last resort, and refused calls to cancel war debts, all of which further aggravated economic hardship for other countries. According to economist John Maynard Keynes another factor contributing to the turbulent economic performance of this era was the insistence of French premier Clemenceau that Germany pay war reparations at too high a level, which Keynes described in his book The Economic Consequences of the Peace. The Bretton Woods Era: 1945–1971 British and American policy makers began to plan the post war international monetary system in the early 1940s. The objective was to create an order that combined the benefits of an integrated and relatively liberal international system with the freedom for governments to pursue domestic policies aimed at promoting full employment and social wellbeing . 11] The principal architects of the new system, John Maynard Keynes and Harry Dexter White, created a plan which was endorsed by the 42 countries attending the 1944 Bretton Woods conference. The plan involved nations agreeing to a system of fixed but adjustable exchange rates where the currencies were pegged against the dollar, with the dollar itself convertible into gold. So in effect this was a gold – dollar exchange standard. There were a number of improvements on the old gold standard. Two international institutions, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank were created; A key part of their function was to replace private finance as more reliable source of lending for investment projects in developing states. At the time the soon to be defeated powers of Germany and Japan were envisaged as states soon to be in need of such development, and there was a desire from both the US and Britain not to see the defeated powers saddled with punitive sanctions that would inflict lasting pain on future generations. The new exchange rate system allowed countries facing economic hardship to devalue their currencies by up to 10% against the dollar (more if approved by the IMF) – thus they would not be forced to undergo deflation to stay in the gold standard. A system of capital controls was introduced to protect countries from the damaging effects of capital flight and to allow countries to pursue independent macro economic policies [12] while still welcoming flows intended for productive investment. Keynes had argued against the dollar having such a central role in the monetary system, and suggested an international currency called Bancor be used instead, but he was overruled by the Americans. Towards the end of the Bretton Woods era, the central role of the dollar became a problem as international demand eventually forced the US to run a persistent trade deficit, which undermined confidence in the dollar. This, together with the emergence of a parallel market for gold where the price soared above the official US mandated price, led to speculators running down the US gold reserves. Even when convertibility was restricted to nations only, some, notably France,[13] continued building up hoards of gold at the expense of the US. Eventually these pressures caused President Nixon to end all convertibility into gold on 15 August 1971. This event marked the effective end of the Bretton Woods systems; attempts were made to find other mechanisms to preserve the fixed exchange rates over the next few years, but they were not successful, resulting in a system of floating exchange rates. 13] The post Bretton Woods system: 1971 – present An alternative name for the post Bretton Woods system is the Washington Consensus. While the name was coined in 1989, the associated economic system came into effect years earlier: according to economic historian Lord Skidelsky the Washington Consensus is generally seen as spanning 1980–2009 (the latter half of the 1970s being a transitional period). [14] The transition away from Bretton Woods was marked by a switch from a state led to a market led system. 4] The Bretton Wood system is considered by economic historians to have broken down in the 1970s:[14] crucial events being Nixon suspending the dollar's convertibility into gold in 1971, the United states abandonment of Capital Controls in 1974, and Great Britain's ending of capital controls in 1979 which was swiftly copied by most other major economies. In some parts of the developing world, liberalisation brought significant benefits for large sections of the population – most prominently with Deng Xiaoping's reforms in China since 1978 and the liberalisation of India after her 1991 crisis. Generally the industrial nations experienced much slower growth and higher unemployment than in the previous era, and according to Professor Gordon Fletcher in retrospect the 1950s and 60s when the Bretton Woods system was operating came to be seen as a golden age. [15] Financial crises have been more intense and have increased in frequency by about 300% – with the damaging effects prior to 2008 being chiefly felt in the emerging economies. On the positive side, at least until 2008 investors have frequently achieved very high rates of return, with salaries and bonuses in the financial sector reaching record levels. The â€Å"Revived Bretton Woods system† identified in 2003 From 2003, economists such as Michael P. Dooley, Peter M. Garber, and David Folkerts-Landau began writing papers[16] describing the emergence of a new international system involving an interdependency between states with generally high savings in Asia lending and exporting to western states with generally high spending. Similar to the original Bretton Woods, this included Asian currencies being pegged to the dollar, though this time by the unilateral intervention of Asian governments in the currency market to stop their currencies appreciating. The developing world as a whole stopped running current account deficits in 1999 [17] – widely seen as a response to unsympathetic treatment following the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis. The most striking example of east-west interdependency is the relationship between China and America, which Niall Ferguson calls Chimerica. From 2004, Dooley et al. began using the term Bretton Woods II to describe this de facto state of affairs, and continue to do so as late as 2009. Others have described this supposed â€Å"Bretton Woods II†, sometimes called â€Å"New Bretton Woods†,[19] as a â€Å"fiction†, and called for the elimination of the structural imbalances that underlie it, viz, the chronic US current account deficit. [20] However since at least 2007 those authors have also used the term â€Å"Bretton Woods II† to call for a new de jure system: for key international financial institutions like the IMF and World Bank to be revamped to meet the demands of the current age,[21] and between 2008 to mid 2009 the terms Bretton Woods II and New Bretton Woods was increasingly used in the latter sense. By late 2009, with less emphases on structural reform to the international monetary system and more attention being paid to issues such as re-balancing the world economy, Bretton Woods II is again frequently used to refer to the practice some countries have of unilaterally pegging their currencies to the dollar.

Importance of Educational Research - 1598 Words

| * Home * Products * About * Contact | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Research NotesBrief Notes on Science and Practice from Joseph Witt, PhD, Senior Scientist Why Research is ImportantSchool professionals have an increased awareness of the way the term research based is being used by publishers. It has become a completely meaningless phrase in recent years. Every type of intervention, assessment, or curriculum product now carries the label research based. In particular, intervention publishers shamelessly proclaim that their products are based upon research despite a complete absence of scientifically based research. Reasonable care can be taken by school-based professionals to determine if a product has†¦show more content†¦These skills or behaviors are arranged in an instructional hierarchy which, when properly understood and used, takes students to very high levels of achievement. This view has influenced the development and nature of iSTEEP assessments. The assessments used in RTI are most frequently those which derive from curriculum-based measurement (CBM). CBM type assessments originated in Precision Teaching (PT) with individuals such as Clay Starlin using oral reading fluency probes and phonemic awareness probes in the late 1960’s and early 1970’s prior to the â€Å"invention† of CBM by Stan Deno in the late 1970’s. The use of assessment in iSTEEP is more aligned with the original goals of PT than with CBM as it has evolved. A major difference between PT and CBM is the manner in which performance criteria are established used. Binder (1990) conducted an analysis of CBM and PT and observed differences in how standards for performance (now called benchmarks) are developed and used. PT uses performances standards. A performance standard is the level of performance for a skill that will support retention, maintenance and application of the skill. Data are used to set performance standards for important prerequisite skills such as phonemic aw areness and oral reading fluency so that acquisition of these tool skills leads to smooth and quick progression through a curriculum or skill hierarchy. In contrast CBMShow MoreRelatedThe Artistic Experience Of Fine Arts792 Words   |  4 Pagesmuseum education includes all activities with an educational purpose that are conducted within the art museum, such as the exhibition of collections, exhibition planning, educational programs, and special events. The educational role of an art museum can be practiced through various methods—the most common are exhibitions and educational programs (Hooper-Greenhill Eilean, 1999). Art museums open the door for society at all levels to provide an educational function as a space for lifelong education, asRead MoreA Research Study On Human Beings Are Known For Being Creative Thinkers And Innovators1023 Words   |  5 Pageshumankind. This type of inquiry is called research, but it goes deeper than just analyzing data. Testing, implementi ng, and adjusting this data is what yields the end results. Education is a sector in which research plays a pivotal role to achieve desired goals in the classroom. Every school year teachers and administrators seek to help their students by bridging academic gaps. By doing so, they look into research to assist them. Navigating the educational research world can be daunting and findingRead MoreParental Involvement And Sexual Involvement915 Words   |  4 PagesAs the literature is being reviewed research and evidence is showing the importance of parental involvement in every aspect and in every socioeconomic class. Yvonne peril constructs research one program for involvement but first wanted to come up with a cookie cutter definition of what parental involvement was. Through research she realized that this task was very difficult. And as she review literature on parental involvement a conclusion was made that there was no consistent agreement on for acrossRead MoreHow Educational And Cultural Environment Of A Subject Can Make A Difference Essay1587 Words   |  7 PagesSummary: Prior research on professional scepticism focused mostly on the trait perspective .But this paper by argues the mostly commonly held assumption that individual personality attributes are static. The main focus of this paper is how educational and cultural environment of a subject can make a difference in their personality variable self-construal and therefore influence sceptical judgment. There has not been any research done in this respect that involves Chinese accounting student in ChinaRead MoreJack Whitehead s Living Educational Theory Approach1294 Words   |  6 PagesJack whitehead’s living educational theory approach Jack Whitehead has been dedicated to an action research approach, â€Å"living educational theory†, for the past 30 years. Whitehead believes that education is a value-laden activity and refers to values as these qualities, which provide meaning and purpose to our personal and professional lives. He proposes that in asking questions such as â€Å"how do I improve what I am doing?† (Whitehead, 1989, 2005), practitioners could create their own theories by communicatingRead MoreThe Getting It Right For Every Child1495 Words   |  6 Pagesdifficulties such as parental divorce or bereavement, or if the child has special educational needs (Riddell, 2014; Riddell and Weedon, 2009). It is placed under a much wider group of children and not just those who have ‘special educational need’ (Riddell et al., 2009; Barrett et al., 2015). The purpose of this act was to eliminate the preconceptions others can have when they know if someone has ‘special educational n eeds’ (Riddell, 2014; Cline and Frederickson 2014). The ASL Acts praises on theRead MoreThe Construction And Development Of Self Identity By Foreign National Students1336 Words   |  6 PagesArticle Evaluation The research focus/ Gap/ Intended audience The study aims to investigate the construction and development of self-identity by foreign national students (FNSs) who decided to teach in a British public school after completing a Post Graduate Certificate of Education (PGCE) Course. The goal of the study is to shed light on how these FNSs, who are mostly from French, Germany or Spain, project their national identity or sometimes distance themselves from their homeland. This study wasRead MoreDescriptive Research Article1530 Words   |  7 PagesDescriptive research plays an important role in educational research because it has greatly increased our knowledge about what happens in the classroom. What is descriptive research? Descriptive research can involve collecting quantitative information, or it can describe categories of information such as patterns of interaction when using technology in the classroom. Although it may employ fundamentals of both quantitative and qualitative research, descriptive research does not fit neatly into theRead MoreConsidering Students Language Background On Higher Education Assessment Outcomes1487 Words   |  6 PagesConsidering Students’ Language Background in Higher Education Assessment Outcomes: The Educational Testing Proficiency Profile The increasing popularity of assessments that measure students’ college-level knowledge and skills has been accompanied in the past decade by the incremental population of college students whose native language is not English or who speak English as a second language (ESL). Higher Education institutions are more often confronted with the task of considering language backgroundRead MoreIntroduction.To What Degree Doparental Socioeconomic Status,1604 Words   |  7 Pagesincreasing difficulty of the curriculum, educational disruptions occur. Examples of adjustments that can hinder educational progress include increased class sizes, resulting in less personal teacher assistance, and an increase in homework with a decrease of time due to extracurricular activities and jobs. Communication between the teachers and parents also becomes more difficult, which ties directly to parental involvement. According to past research, parental involvement can be directly linked